Несколько стандартных команд, которые помогут идентифицировать устройства в машине в операционных системах семейства Linux.
Информация о процессоре
команда:
# cat /proc/cpuinfo
ответ:
processor : 0 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 21 model : 112 model name : AMD A6-9225 RADEON R4, 5 COMPUTE CORES 2C+3G stepping : 0 microcode : 0x6000626 cpu MHz : 2595.132 cache size : 1024 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch ssbd vmmcall fsgsbase avx2 arat nrip_save flushbyasid decodeassists bugs : fxsave_leak sysret_ss_attrs null_seg spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass bogomips : 5192.52 TLB size : 1536 4K pages clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 21 model : 112 model name : AMD A6-9225 RADEON R4, 5 COMPUTE CORES 2C+3G stepping : 0 microcode : 0x6000626 cpu MHz : 2595.132 cache size : 1024 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 1 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch ssbd vmmcall fsgsbase avx2 arat nrip_save flushbyasid decodeassists bugs : fxsave_leak sysret_ss_attrs null_seg spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass bogomips : 5192.52 TLB size : 1536 4K pages clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management:
команда:
# lscpu
ответ:
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
Address sizes: 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
CPU(s): 2
On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 2
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: AuthenticAMD
CPU family: 21
Model: 112
Model name: AMD A6-9225 RADEON R4, 5 COMPUTE CORES 2C+3G
Stepping: 0
CPU MHz: 2595.132
BogoMIPS: 5192.52
Virtualization: AMD-V
Hypervisor vendor: KVM
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 64 KiB
L1i cache: 128 KiB
L2 cache: 2 MiB
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1
Vulnerability Itlb multihit: Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf: Not affected
Vulnerability Mds: Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2: Mitigation; Full AMD retpoline, STIBP disabled, RSB filling
Vulnerability Srbds: Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affected
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mm
x fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl
nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 sse4_1 sse4
_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_
legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch ssbd vmmcall fsgsbase avx2 arat nrip_sa
ve flushbyasid decodeassists
Модель материнской платы
команда:
# cat /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/board_{vendor,name,version}
Оперативная память
команда:
# free -m
ответ:
total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1985 48 1876 0 60 1832
команда:
# cat /proc/meminfo
ответ:
MemTotal: 2033392 kB MemFree: 1921056 kB MemAvailable: 1876588 kB Buffers: 11076 kB Cached: 36488 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 31548 kB Inactive: 21628 kB Active(anon): 172 kB Inactive(anon): 5812 kB Active(file): 31376 kB Inactive(file): 15816 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 2097148 kB SwapFree: 2097148 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 5620 kB Mapped: 10344 kB Shmem: 376 kB KReclaimable: 14624 kB Slab: 25948 kB SReclaimable: 14624 kB SUnreclaim: 11324 kB KernelStack: 1488 kB PageTables: 596 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 3113844 kB Committed_AS: 27524 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 25492 kB VmallocChunk: 0 kB Percpu: 496 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 0 kB ShmemHugePages: 0 kB ShmemPmdMapped: 0 kB FileHugePages: 0 kB FilePmdMapped: 0 kB CmaTotal: 0 kB CmaFree: 0 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB Hugetlb: 0 kB DirectMap4k: 67520 kB DirectMap2M: 2029568 kB
Информация о жёстких дисках и разделах
команда:
# fdisk -l
ответ:
Disk /dev/sda: 18 GiB, 19327352832 bytes, 37748736 sectors Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xcffc93c1 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 526335 524288 256M 83 Linux /dev/sda2 526336 4720639 4194304 2G 83 Linux /dev/sda3 4720640 37748735 33028096 15.7G 83 Linux
команда:
# blkid
ответ:
/dev/sr0: BLOCK_SIZE="2048" UUID="2021-04-21-23-21-25-49" LABEL="Gentoo amd64 20210421T214502Z" TYPE="iso9660" PTUUID="7def7287" PTTYPE="dos" /dev/sda1: UUID="c8d715ec-ca89-42b0-b6be-13bbea9ecde7" BLOCK_SIZE="1024" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="cffc93c1-01" /dev/sda2: UUID="7ad2f666-d5d8-4f94-b828-80ff5df210e2" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="cffc93c1-02" /dev/sda3: UUID="8549f1c3-0209-46a0-a336-770b11646e11" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="cffc93c1-03"
команда:
# lsblk
ответ:
AME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 18G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 256M 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] └─sda3 8:3 0 15.7G 0 part / sr0 11:0 1 419M 0 rom
команда:
# df -h
ответ:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on none 993M 380K 993M 1% /run udev 10M 0 10M 0% /dev tmpfs 993M 0 993M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda3 16G 6.7G 8.0G 46% / cgroup_root 10M 0 10M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 240M 38M 186M 17% /boot
Информация о примонтированных устройствах
команда:
# mount | column -t
ответ:
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) none on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,mode=755,inode64) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=251827,mode=755,inode64) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,inode64) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) /dev/sda3 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime) securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,relatime) pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) cgroup_root on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=10240k,mode=755,inode64) openrc on /sys/fs/cgroup/openrc type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,release_agent=/lib/rc/sh/cgroup-release-agent.sh,name=openrc) none on /sys/fs/cgroup/unified type cgroup2 (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate) cpuset on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset) cpu on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu) cpuacct on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct) blkio on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio) memory on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory) devices on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices) freezer on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer) net_cls on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls) perf_event on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event) net_prio on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_prio) hugetlb on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb) pids on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids) rdma on /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,rdma) mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw,noatime)
Информация о сетевом интерфейсе
команда:
# mii-tool -v enp0s3
ответ:
enp0s3: no autonegotiation, 1000baseT-FD flow-control, link ok product info: Yukon 88E1011 rev 4 basic mode: autonegotiation enabled basic status: autonegotiation complete, link ok capabilities: 1000baseT-FD 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD advertising: 1000baseT-FD 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control link partner: 1000baseT-HD 1000baseT-FD 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
Информация о PCI-устройствах
команда:
# lspci
ответ:
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02) 00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II] 00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: VMware SVGA II Adapter 00:03.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 02) 00:04.0 System peripheral: InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH VirtualBox Guest Service 00:05.0 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation 82801AA AC'97 Audio Controller (rev 01) 00:07.0 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 08) 00:08.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 02) 00:0d.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 82801HM/HEM (ICH8M/ICH8M-E) SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 02)
Информация о системных ресурсах
# top
